Chemistry is one of the most crucial subjects in the Class 12 curriculum, particularly for students aiming for careers in engineering, medical sciences, pharmacy, and pure sciences. A strong foundation in Chemistry not only helps in excelling in board exams but also plays a vital role in clearing competitive entrance tests like NEET, JEE, and state-level exams. The subject is divided into three major segments: Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry, each carrying substantial weightage in the exams.
A strategic approach to preparation includes understanding fundamentals concepts, practicing numerical problems, memorizing key reactions, and solving frequently asked questions. Practicing past years’ frequently asked questions helps students familiarize themselves with the exam pattern, marking scheme, and important topics. It enhances time management skills and reduces exam anxiety. By solving these questions regularly, students gain confidence in their preparation and improve their accuracy.
Most Frequently Asked Questions in Class 12 Chemistry
To aid students in their preparation, we have compiled a list of the most frequently asked questions in Class 12 Chemistry exams based on an in-depth analysis of past year trends and syllabus requirements.
Physical Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Explain the working of a galvanic cell with an example.
- Derive the Nernst equation and explain its applications in electrochemistry.
- What are fuel cells? Explain the working of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.
- Explain the concept of electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, and their mathematical expressions.
- Differentiate between Electrochemical Cells and Electrolytic Cells with relevant examples.
- Discuss the applications of electrochemical cells in daily life and industries.
- Chemical Kinetics
- Define rate of reaction and rate constant. Derive the integrated rate equation for a first-order reaction with suitable examples.
- Explain Arrhenius equation, activation energy, and factors affecting reaction rates.
- Differentiate between order and molecularity of a reaction with examples.
- How does temperature affect the rate of reaction? Explain using the concept of energy distribution and activation energy.
- Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical kinetics and their industrial applications.
- Surface Chemistry
- Explain the differences between physisorption and chemisorption with examples.
- What is catalysis? Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with suitable examples.
- What are colloids? Explain different types of colloidal systems and their applications.
- Explain the Tyndall effect and its significance in colloidal solutions.
- What are emulsions? Discuss their types, properties, and applications in industries.
- Solid State
- Define unit cell and crystal lattice. Explain the different types of unit cells with diagrams.
- Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous solids with examples and their physical properties.
- What are Frenkel and Schottky defects? Explain their significance in solids.
- What is the significance of packing efficiency in solids? Calculate the packing efficiency for FCC, BCC, and SCC structures.
- Explain the band theory of solids and its application in classifying materials as conductors, insulators, and semiconductors.
- Solutions
- What is Raoult’s law? Explain its applications and deviations from ideal behavior.
- Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions with relevant graphs.
- Define colligative properties and explain depression in freezing point with mathematical derivation.
- Explain the concept of osmotic pressure and its applications in biological and industrial processes.
- Discuss the effect of solute concentration on the boiling point and freezing point of a solution.
Organic Chemistry
- Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- What are SN1 and SN2 reactions? Explain their mechanisms with energy profile diagrams.
- What is the difference between chlorobenzene and benzyl chloride in terms of reactivity and chemical properties?
- Discuss the environmental impact of haloalkanes and haloarenes and their role in ozone depletion.
- Explain the preparation of haloalkanes from alcohols and alkanes with suitable chemical reactions.
- Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Explain the preparation of alcohols by hydroboration-oxidation and Grignard reagent.
- What are the differences between phenols and alcohols in terms of acidity and reactivity?
- Explain Williamson’s synthesis of ethers with reaction mechanisms.
- Discuss the industrial applications of alcohols, phenols, and ethers in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
- Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
- Explain the reactions of carboxylic acids with PCl5, SOCl2, and ammonia.
- Explain the Haloform reaction with an example and its significance in organic synthesis.
- Discuss the oxidation and reduction reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
- Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- Explain the Hoffmann bromamide reaction with a mechanism and example.
- What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines in terms of structure and properties?
- How are aniline and benzene diazonium chloride prepared? Explain their uses in dye industry.
- Explain the importance of nitro compounds and amines in the pharmaceutical industry.
- Biomolecules
- Explain the classification and structure of carbohydrates and their biological importance.
- Define proteins. Explain the difference between fibrous and globular proteins with examples.
- What are nucleic acids? Explain the structure and functions of DNA and RNA.
- Discuss the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions and their industrial applications.
Inorganic Chemistry
- Coordination Compounds
- Explain Werner’s theory of coordination compounds and its significance.
- Define chelation and explain its industrial and biological importance.
- What are ligands? Classify them based on their denticity with examples.
- Explain crystal field theory with reference to octahedral and tetrahedral complexes and their spectroscopic properties.
- The d- and f-Block Elements
- Why do transition elements exhibit variable oxidation states? Explain with examples.
- Explain the trends in ionization enthalpy and atomic size in the transition series.
- Discuss the lanthanide contraction and its consequences in periodic properties.
- What are interhalogen compounds? Give examples and discuss their properties.
Class 12 Chemistry is a vast and conceptually rich subject that requires a blend of understanding, memorization, and problem-solving skills. Regular practice of frequently asked questions, previous year papers, and conceptual clarity can significantly boost your performance in board exams and entrance tests.
For students looking for comprehensive study materials, solved question banks, and mock tests, GK Publications offers a range of books tailored for Class 12 Chemistry and entrance exam preparation. These books provide detailed explanations, topic-wise question banks, and step-by-step solutions to help students grasp complex topics with ease.
To strengthen your preparation for Class 12 board exams, it’s essential to practice not just Chemistry but also Physics. You can refer to CBSE 12th 2025: Physics – Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers 2011-2024 by Career Launcher for a structured and effective study plan.
To excel your Class 12 Chemistry exam, refer to GK Publications study materials, practice diligently, and stay consistent in your revision. With the right resources and approach, you can achieve excellent results in your board exams and competitive tests.
Happy studying!
